Polishing Machine for Pots, Pans, Kettles and Milk Canisters

Polishing Machine

A cookware polishing machine is a machine that is used to polish cookware. It can be used to polish the inside or outside of cookware.

Some people use it for the outside of their cookware, while others use it for the inside of their cookware. The most popular material that these machines use is aluminum pots and pans. However, some people also use stainless steel pots and pans with this machine. It can also be used on other types of kitchenware like plates or cutlery as well.

Cookware Kitchenware Polishing Machine for pans, pots, milk canisters, coffee pots and etc is a machine designed to polish the inside or outside surface of a cookware product such as pans or pots. The pans and pots are manufactured by a drawing or a forming hydraulic press and after the final shaping, the edges of the pans or pots are cut by an edge-cutting machine after the edge-cutting and trimming machine, the pans and pots need to be polished inside and outside.

The stainless steel and aluminum surfaces need a good finishing, which can be carried out by a polishing machine

Polishing machine for stainless steel pot lids

Pot polishing machines are used in the process of metallurgy to remove impurities from metals.

The machine is fed with a metal alloy, and then it is heated up before being cooled down in a pot. This causes the impurities to be closer to the surface of the metal, which can then be removed by a rotating brush or an abrasive wheel.

Stainless steel cookware kitchenware polishing machine

Pot polishing machines are used in many industries, such as steel production and copper production.

The Polishing machines can be single head, double head or multi-head, where the number of heads is determined by the capacity and the operations that need to be carried out. Each polishing station may have a different polishing type which increases the finishing quality. EMS Cookware Machinery designs each station with the necessary precision for the polishing heads to go smoothly and softly over the workpieces

We also design inside polishing machines for milk canisters. The machines are designed as tailor-made and all are operated by a PLC and with receipts saved by the operator

Our outside or inside pot polishing machines can be equipped with servo motors to have a better end effect for finishing. The machines are operated with PLC Automation and can be operated via a touchscreen panel.

Polishing Machine

A polishing machine is a specialized tool used to smooth, shine, and refine the surface of various materials, commonly metals, plastics, and wood. These machines are widely employed in various industries, including manufacturing, jewelry making, and woodworking, to enhance the appearance and functionality of components.

Types of Polishing Machines

Different types of polishing machines exist, each with its own unique characteristics and applications:

Rotary Polishing Machines: These machines utilize rotating buffing wheels made of various materials, such as cotton, felt, or sisal, to polish and smooth surfaces. They are often used for removing burrs, refining edges, and achieving a high-gloss finish.
Vibratory Polishing Machines: These machines utilize a vibratory bowl filled with abrasive media, such as polishing compound or ceramic beads, to polish and deburr components. They are often used for deburring and polishing large quantities of small parts.
Electropolishing Machines: These machines use an electrical current to remove microscopic imperfections from the surface of a material. They are often used to polish delicate materials, such as electronics components and precision instruments.
Superfinishing Machines: These machines utilize a grinding process with extremely fine abrasives to achieve a mirror-like finish. They are often used for polishing high-precision components, such as mirrors, lenses, and optical instruments.

Applications of Polishing Machines

Polishing machines are used in various industries for a variety of applications:

Metalworking: Polishing machines are used to remove burrs, sharpen edges, and refine the surfaces of metal components. This enhances the appearance and corrosion resistance of metal parts.
Plastics Manufacturing: Polishing machines are used to remove flash, smooth out surfaces, and enhance the gloss of molded or extruded plastic parts. This improves the appearance and durability of plastic products.
Woodworking: Polishing machines are used to smooth out wood surfaces, remove imperfections, and achieve a polished finish. This enhances the appearance and protects wood from scratches and stains.
Jewelry Making: Polishing machines are essential for jewelry making to refine the surfaces of precious metals, gemstones, and jewelry components. This enhances the sparkle and durability of jewelry pieces.
Medical Device Manufacturing: Polishing machines are used to remove burrs, smooth surfaces, and achieve a sterile finish on medical devices. This ensures the safety and effectiveness of medical instruments and implants.

Safety Precautions when using Polishing Machines

When operating polishing machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly clamped to the machine’s work surface to prevent it from slipping or moving during polishing.
Use the Correct Polishing Compound: Choose the appropriate polishing compound for the specific application and material being polished. Using the wrong compound can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Speed: Maintain a moderate speed to prevent overheating the workpiece or damaging the buffing wheel or polishing compound.
Avoid Overheating the Workpiece: Avoid applying excessive pressure or polishing for extended periods to prevent overheating the workpiece and potential damage.
Regularly Clean and Maintain the Machine: Keep the machine clean and inspect it regularly for worn or loose components.
Operate the Machine in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the machine in a well-ventilated area to minimize dust accumulation and protect yourself from harmful fumes.
Never Touch the Moving Buffing Wheel or Polishing Compound: Never touch the moving buffing wheel or polishing compound while the machine is in operation.
Turn Off the Machine Before Making Adjustments: Always turn off the machine before making any adjustments or changing the buffing wheel or polishing compound.
Store the Machine Properly: Store the machine in a safe, secure location when not in use, keeping it out of reach of children and unauthorized users.

By adhering to these safety guidelines and operating the machine responsibly, you can effectively utilize polishing machines to achieve a smooth, polished finish on a variety of materials.

Polishing machines are used to remove imperfections and achieve a smooth, lustrous finish on various materials, including metals, plastics, and wood. They typically utilize rotating abrasive wheels or belts to buff and polish the surface, enhancing its appearance and durability.

Types of Polishing Machines

Different types of polishing machines exist, each with its own unique characteristics and applications:

Orbital Polishers: Orbital polishers feature a rotating disc that oscillates in a circular motion, providing a combination of buffing and polishing action. They are commonly used for polishing automotive parts, jewelry, and other small components.
Belt Polishers: Belt polishers utilize a continuous belt of abrasive material that moves across the workpiece. They are suitable for polishing larger surfaces, such as automotive panels, machined parts, and furniture.
Buffering Machines: Buffers consist of a rotating disk or wheel that holds a variety of polishing compounds. They are primarily used for buffing and polishing metals, achieving a high-gloss finish.
Vibratory Polishers: Vibratory polishers utilize a vibrating bowl filled with abrasive media to polish and deburr components. They are effective for polishing large quantities of small parts and achieve a uniform finish.
Rotary Table Polishers: Rotary table polishers feature a rotating table that holds the workpiece while a polishing tool applies abrasives. They are particularly useful for polishing curved or irregular surfaces.

Applications of Polishing Machines

Polishing machines are widely used across various industries and applications:

Automotive Industry: Polishing machines are essential for restoring and enhancing the appearance of car bodies, bumpers, headlights, and other automotive components.
Jewelry Industry: Polishing machines are crucial for polishing precious metals, gemstones, and jewelry pieces to achieve a brilliant finish.
Manufacturing Industries: Polishing machines are used to polish machined components, such as gears, shafts, and other metal parts, enhancing their durability and aesthetic appeal.
Woodworking Industries: Polishing machines are employed to polish wooden furniture, cabinets, and other wood products, creating a smooth, finished surface.
Medical Device Manufacturing: Polishing machines are used to polish medical implants, surgical instruments, and other medical components to ensure a sterile and smooth surface.

Safety Precautions when using Polishing Machines

When operating polishing machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly clamped to the machine’s work surface to prevent it from slipping or moving during polishing.
Use the Correct Polishing Wheel or Belt: Choose the appropriate polishing wheel or belt material for the specific application and material being polished. Using the wrong wheel or belt can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Speed: Maintain a moderate speed to prevent overheating the workpiece or damaging the polishing wheel or belt.
Avoid Overheating the Workpiece: Avoid applying excessive pressure or polishing for extended periods to prevent overheating the workpiece and potential damage.
Regularly Clean and Maintain the Machine: Keep the machine clean and inspect it regularly for worn or loose components.
Operate the Machine in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the machine in a well-ventilated area to minimize dust accumulation and protect yourself from harmful fumes.
Never Touch the Moving Polishing Wheel or Belt: Never touch the moving polishing wheel or belt while the machine is in operation.
Turn Off the Machine Before Making Adjustments: Always turn off the machine before making any adjustments or changing the polishing wheel or belt.
Store the Machine Properly: Store the machine in a safe, secure location when not in use, keeping it out of reach of children and unauthorized users.

By adhering to these safety guidelines and operating the machine responsibly, you can effectively utilize polishing machines to achieve a smooth, polished finish on a variety of materials, enhancing their appearance and durability.

A polishing machine is a specialized tool used to smooth and enhance the finish of various materials, including metals, plastics, and wood. Polishing machines typically utilize rotating abrasive tools or compounds to remove surface imperfections, scratches, and blemishes, resulting in a smooth, reflective surface.

Types of Polishing Machines

Different types of polishing machines exist, each with its own unique characteristics and applications:

Rotary Polishing Machines: These machines utilize rotating abrasive wheels or pads to polish surfaces. They are commonly used for polishing metal components, jewelry, and other intricate objects.
Vibratory Polishing Machines: These machines employ a vibratory bowl filled with abrasive media to polish components. They are often used for polishing large quantities of small parts and achieving a uniform finish.
Buffing Machines: Buffing machines utilize rotating abrasive wheels or pads coated with buffing compound to polish and shine surfaces. They are commonly used for polishing metal surfaces, wood furniture, and automotive components.
Bench-Top Polishing Machines: These compact machines are designed for bench-top operation and are ideal for small-scale polishing tasks. They are often used in jewelry making, woodworking, and hobbyist projects.
Industrial Polishing Machines: These large and powerful machines are designed for high-volume polishing applications in industrial settings. They are often used for polishing metalwork, automotive components, and other large-scale products.

Applications of Polishing Machines

Polishing machines are widely used in various industries for a variety of applications:

Metalworking: Polishing machines are essential in metalworking to enhance the appearance and finish of metal components. They are used to remove machining marks, scratches, and surface imperfections, creating a smooth, polished surface.
Jewelry Making: Polishing machines are crucial in jewelry making to refine the finish of precious metals and gemstones. They are used to remove burrs, polish facets, and achieve a radiant shine.
Automotive Industry: Polishing machines are widely used in the automotive industry to restore and enhance the appearance of car bodies, chrome trim, and interior components. They are used to remove scratches, scuffs, and oxidation, restoring the original luster.
Woodworking: Polishing machines are employed in woodworking to enhance the appearance and durability of wooden surfaces. They are used to remove scratches, imperfections, and saw marks, creating a smooth, polished finish.
Aerospace Industry: Polishing machines are used in the aerospace industry to polish and refine the finish of aircraft components, such as turbine blades, fuselages, and control surfaces. They are used to achieve a high-quality finish that meets strict aerospace standards.
Medical Devices: Polishing machines are essential in the medical device industry to ensure the cleanliness and precision of medical equipment. They are used to remove burrs, imperfections, and debris, ensuring a safe and effective medical device.

Safety Precautions

When operating polishing machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly clamped to the machine’s work surface to prevent it from slipping or moving during polishing.
Use the Correct Polishing Wheel and Pad: Choose the appropriate polishing wheel or pad material and abrasive compound for the specific application and material being polished. Using the wrong wheel or abrasive can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Speed: Maintain a moderate speed to prevent overheating the workpiece or damaging the polishing wheel or pad.
Avoid Overheating the Workpiece: Avoid applying excessive pressure or polishing for extended periods to prevent overheating the workpiece and potential damage.
Regularly Clean and Maintain the Machine: Keep the machine clean and inspect it regularly for worn or loose components.
Operate the Machine in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the machine in a well-ventilated area to minimize dust accumulation and protect yourself from harmful fumes.
Never Touch the Moving Buffing Wheel or Pad: Never touch the moving buffing wheel or pad while the machine is in operation.
Turn Off the Machine Before Making Adjustments: Always turn off the machine before making any adjustments or changing the polishing wheel or pad.
Store the Machine Properly: Store the machine in a safe, secure location when not in use, keeping it out of reach of children and unauthorized users.

By adhering to these safety guidelines and operating the machine responsibly, you can effectively utilize polishing machines to achieve

Power: 8 kw
Voltage: 380 V – 50/60 Hz
Swing speed: 105/min
Polishing wheels: 1 up to 10
Control: PLC

Our pot polishing machine is specially designed for the outer polishing of metal pots with polishing materials such as:

Wire cloth wheel
Cotton wheel
Hard cloth wheel
Final cloth wheel
Red oil sisal wheel
Common sisal wheel
Sisal wheel
Flat wheel
Non-abrasive wheel
Abrasive Belt

Polishing Machine for Inner Surface of Metal Pots

Stainless steel cookware kitchenware pot pan inside polishing machine

Polishing is a process of restoring the shine to stainless steel pot or aluminum pot. Polishing can be done by hand or with a polishing machine.

Hand polishing is done by scrubbing the surface of the cookware with a cream that contains abrasive particles. This process can be time-consuming, and it may not remove all the scratches from your cookware.

Polishing machines are more efficient in removing scratches from pots and pans. They are available in three types: inside polishers, outside polishers and rotary buffers for pots and pans.

Polishing machines specifically designed for the inner surface of metal pots typically utilize rotating abrasive wheels or pads that can reach the interior of the pot. These machines are often used to remove oxidation, scratches, and other imperfections from the inner surface of cookware, ensuring a clean, smooth, and hygienic cooking surface. Some common types of polishing machines for the inner surface of metal pots include:

Rotary Polishing Machines with Flexible Shafts: These machines feature a rotating shaft with a flexible attachment that can be inserted into the pot. The flexible shaft allows the abrasive wheel or pad to conform to the contours of the pot’s interior.
Handheld Polishing Machines with Removable Heads: These machines have a handheld design with a removable polishing head that can be fitted with different abrasive wheels or pads. The removable head allows for easy access to the pot’s interior and precise polishing of hard-to-reach areas.
Vibratory Polishing Machines with Internal Media: These machines utilize a vibratory bowl filled with abrasive media and the pot is placed inside the bowl. The vibration causes the media to move and polish the inner surface of the pot.

Factors to Consider when Choosing a Polishing Machine for Inner Surface of Metal Pots:

Pot Material: Consider the material of the pot, such as stainless steel, aluminum, or copper, as different materials may require different abrasive compounds or polishing techniques.
Pot Size: Choose a machine that can accommodate the size of the pots you typically use. Some machines are designed for small pots, while others can handle larger pots or even multiple pots simultaneously.
Power and Speed: Select a machine with sufficient power to effectively polish the pot’s interior without overheating or damaging the material. Adjust the speed according to the material being polished and the desired finish.
Abrasive Compounds: Use appropriate abrasive compounds suitable for the material of the pot and the desired level of polishing. Start with less abrasive compounds for gentle polishing and gradually increase the abrasiveness if necessary.
Safety Features: Ensure the machine incorporates safety features, such as a safety switch or cover, to prevent accidental contact with the rotating abrasive elements.

Maintenance and Care:

Clean the Machine: Regularly clean the machine to remove debris and maintain optimal performance.
Inspect Abrasive Wheels or Pads: Check the abrasive wheels or pads for wear and replace them when necessary to ensure effective polishing.
Lubricate the Machine (if applicable): Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for lubricating the machine’s moving parts to prevent wear and extend its lifespan.
Store Properly: Store the machine in a clean, dry location when not in use to protect it from dust and moisture.

By carefully considering these factors and following proper maintenance practices, you can select and effectively utilize a polishing machine to maintain the cleanliness and shine of your metal pots, ensuring a safe and enjoyable cooking experience.

Polishing the inner surface of metal pots requires specialized tools and techniques to ensure a smooth, hygienic, and aesthetically pleasing finish. Here’s an overview of the polishing process:

Preparation:

Cleaning: Begin by thoroughly cleaning the inner surface of the pot with a mild detergent solution to remove any food residue or grease. Rinse the pot thoroughly and dry it completely.
Inspection: Inspect the inner surface for any scratches, dents, or imperfections. If necessary, use sandpaper or a metal file to smooth out any rough spots.

Polishing Process:

Choosing the Right Polishing Compound: Select a polishing compound suitable for the type of metal the pot is made of. For stainless steel, use a non-abrasive polishing compound to avoid scratching the surface. For aluminum, use a mild abrasive compound to remove oxidation and restore shine.
Applying the Polishing Compound: Apply a small amount of polishing compound to a soft, clean cloth or polishing wheel. Work the compound onto the inner surface of the pot in a circular motion, applying even pressure.
Polishing Technique: Maintain a consistent speed and pressure while polishing. Avoid applying excessive pressure, as this can damage the surface or cause the compound to overheat.
Buffing: Once the polishing compound has removed scratches and imperfections, use a clean, dry cloth to buff the surface to a high shine.

Safety Precautions:

Wear Protective Gear: Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a mask when polishing to protect yourself from flying debris and fumes.
Work in a Well-ventilated Area: Ensure adequate ventilation to prevent the buildup of dust and fumes.
Secure the Pot: Secure the pot firmly in place to prevent it from moving during polishing.
Avoid Overheating: Avoid overheating the pot or the polishing compound, as this can cause damage or injury.
Store Polishing Compound Properly: Store the polishing compound in a safe and secure location, out of reach of children and pets.

Maintenance:

Regularly polish the inner surface of the pot to maintain its shine and prevent the buildup of stains and oxidation. Hand washing with a mild detergent solution is recommended for daily cleaning. Avoid using harsh abrasives or scouring pads, as these can scratch the surface.

By following these steps and safety precautions, you can effectively polish the inner surface of metal pots, restoring their shine and ensuring they remain hygienic and aesthetically pleasing for years to come.

Please note that specific polishing compounds and techniques may vary depending on the type of metal and the desired finish. It’s always advisable to consult the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific pot or polishing compound you are using.

Inside polishing of a milk canister with our polishing machine

Polishing the inner surface of metal pots can be a challenging task due to the limited access and the need to maintain a consistent finish. However, there are several specialized tools and techniques that can be used to achieve a polished and aesthetically pleasing result.

Polishing Tools for Inner Surfaces of Metal Pots

Hand Polishing with Abrasive Compounds: This method involves applying abrasive compounds, such as polishing pastes or liquids, to a soft cloth or buffing wheel and manually polishing the inner surface of the pot. This method is suitable for smaller pots and requires patience and careful hand movement to achieve a uniform finish.
Rotary Polishing Tools: These tools feature rotating heads with abrasive wheels or pads that can be inserted into the pot to polish the inner surface. They offer more power and efficiency compared to hand polishing but require careful control to avoid damaging the pot’s interior.
Vibratory Polishing Machines: These machines utilize a rotating bowl filled with abrasive media to polish the inner surface of the pot. They are suitable for large quantities of pots and can achieve a consistent finish.
Electrolytic Polishing: This method uses an electrical current to remove material from the surface of the pot, resulting in a smooth, polished finish. It is particularly effective for polishing stainless steel pots.

Polishing Techniques

Start with a Clean Surface: Ensure the pot’s inner surface is thoroughly cleaned and free of debris, grease, or food residue before polishing.
Work in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the polishing tools or machines in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling dust or fumes from abrasive compounds.
Apply Even Pressure: Maintain even pressure during polishing to achieve a consistent finish. Avoid applying excessive pressure, which can damage the pot’s surface.
Work in Sections: Divide the pot’s inner surface into sections and polish each section systematically to ensure even coverage.
Check for Completion: Regularly inspect the polished surface to ensure a consistent finish and identify any areas that may require additional polishing.
Clean the Pot After Polishing: Once polishing is complete, thoroughly clean the pot to remove any remaining abrasive compounds or residue.
Maintain the Polished Surface: Regularly polish the pot’s inner surface to maintain its shine and prevent tarnishing or scratching.

Additional Tips

Use Appropriate Abrasive Compounds: Choose abrasive compounds suitable for the specific metal of the pot. Avoid using harsh abrasives that can scratch or damage the surface.
Start with Fine Abrasives: Begin with fine-grit abrasives and gradually progress to coarser grits if necessary. This approach minimizes the risk of damaging the surface while achieving the desired polish level.
Use Buffing Wheels for Final Polishing: After using abrasive compounds, consider using soft buffing wheels to achieve a high-gloss finish.
Protect Polished Surfaces: Store pots with polished interiors carefully to prevent scratches and damage. Use protective padding or dividers to prevent contact with other utensils.

By following these guidelines and using the appropriate tools and techniques, you can effectively polish the inner surface of metal pots, enhancing their appearance and maintaining their functionality. Remember to prioritize safety and use proper ventilation when working with abrasive compounds or polishing machines.

A cookware polishing machine is a machine that polishes the inside and outside of cookware. It is mainly used in the production of cookware, such as aluminum pots and stainless steel pots.

The main function of a cookware polishing machine is to polish the inside and outside surfaces of a pot. The polished surface can be made of stainless steel or aluminum.

The process starts with an operator feeding the pot into the machine, which then rotates it at high speed to polish both surfaces. The operator has to be careful when loading and unloading pots because they are very heavy, so they must hold them by their handles.

Some models can polish both inner and outer surfaces at once while others require a separate process for each surface, with one side being polished

Quality of surface is an important factor to decide the performance of a manufactured product. Surface quality affect product performance like assembly fit, aesthetic appeal that a potential customer might have for the product. A surface is defined as the exterior boundary of an object with its surroundings, which may be any other object, a fluid or space or combination of these. The surface encloses the object’s bulk mechanical and physical properties.

A surface is what we touch, when we held a manufactured object. Normally dimensions of the object are specified in its drawing relating the various surfaces to each other. These nominal surfaces, representing the intended surface contour of the manufactured part, are defined by line in the drawing (machine). The nominal surfaces of the object are represented by perfect straight lines, perfect circles, round holes, absolute perpendicularity and straightness.

A variety of processes are used to make the designed parts. In totality the manufacturing result is wide variations in surface characteristics. It is important to know the technology of surface generation. Only then the root causes of deviations can be determined and fixed to get the good results.

Some important definitions are being described here which determine the quality of a generated surfaces. The surface parameters described here are not only responsible for aesthetic point of view but also their correctness and accuracy influence performance of the object correctly.

Angularity

The extent to which a part feature such as a surface or axis is at a specified angle relative to a reference surface. If angle is maintained exactly at 90o
it is called perpendicularity. If the angle is maintained exactly at 0o it is called parallelism

Circularity

For a surface of revaluation such as a cylinder, circular hole, or cone, circulating is the degree to which all points on the intersection of the surface and plane perpendicular to the axis of revaluation are equidistant from the axis. For a sphere, circulating is the degree to which all points on the intersection of the surface and a plane center. The same is also called roundness.

Concentricity

The degree to which any two or more part features such as a cylindrical surface and a circular hole have a common axis.

Cylindricity

The degree to which all points on a surface of revaluation such as a cylinder are equidistant from the axis of revaluation

Flatness

The extent to which all points on a surface lying in a single plane.

Straightness

The degree to which a part feature such as a line or axis is a straight line.

Surfaces are very important due to various commercial and technological reasons. These reasons may be different depending on the different applications of the product. The main objectives are described below.

All smooth surfaces which are free from scratches and blemishes provide a good aesthetic appearance. This all adds value to the product and gives a favorable impression to the customers.
Smooth surfaces free from scratches and sharp corners and edges give safety to users.
Friction and wear are also decided by surface conditions. In the case of mating parts, the mating surfaces should be perfectly finished to avoid wear and energy loss due to friction.
Good quality surfaces improve mechanical and physical properties. Any surface flow can act as a point of stress concentration.
A slightly rough surface having uniform and constantly maintained the value of surface roughness provides anti-glazed property to the same.
Smooth surfaces improve the capability to make good electrical contacts.

Characteristics of the Surfaces

Characteristics of surfaces include surface texture, and surface integrity, it also takes care of the relationship between manufacturing processes and characteristics of generated surfaces. A surface is generally examined by a magnified cross-section of the surface of the part produced.

The bulk of the part referred to as substrate has a grain structure that depends on previous processing of the metal. The exterior of the machine part is called the surface whose topography is pre-decided. The surface may have roughness, waviness, and flaws. It may also have some pattern or directional pattern depending on the process used. All these are described as surface texture

Honing

Honing is a surface finishing operation based on abrasive action performed by a set of bonded abrasive sticks. It is generally used to finish bores of cylinders of IC engine, hydraulic cylinders, gas barrels, bearings, etc. It can reduce the level of surface roughness below 32 µm. It produces a characteristic surface pattern as cross hatched which is a fit case to retain the lubrication layer to facilitate motion to moving parts, the best example is the IC engine.

The honing tool used to finish internal surface is shown in Figure 3.2. The honing tool consists of a set of bonded abrasive sticks. The number of sticks mounted on a tool depends on its circumferential area. A number of sticks may be more than a dozen. The motion of a honing tool is a combination of rotation and reciprocation (linear). The motion is managed in such a way that a given point on the abrasive stick does not trace the same path repeatedly.

The honing speed may be kept up to 10 cm per sec. Lower speeds are recommended for a better surface finish. Manufacturing defects like slight eccentricity the way surface, light tapper, and less of circulating can also be corrected by honing process. The process of honing is always supported by the flow of coolants. It flashes away the small chips and maintains a low and uniform temperature of the tool and work.

Honing Machines Honing machines resemble vertical drilling machines in their construction. The reciprocating motion of the spindle is obtained by hydraulic means. The rotary motion may be by a hydraulic motor or by a gear train. Metal Finishing Processes Depending upon the movement of the spindle or hones a machine may be a vertical honing machine or a horizontal honing machine. Generally honing vertical honing machines are used. Horizontal honing machines are recommended for finishing the internal of long gun barrels.

Honing is an abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface on a metal workpiece by scrubbing an abrasive grinding stone or grinding wheel against it along a controlled path. Honing is primarily used to improve the geometric form of a surface, but can also improve the surface finish.

Types of Honing

There are two main types of honing:

Internal honing: This type of honing is used to improve the surface finish and geometric accuracy of internal surfaces, such as bores, cylinders, and tubes.
External honing: This type of honing is used to improve the surface finish and geometric accuracy of external surfaces, such as shafts, rods, and pins.

Honing Process

The honing process typically involves the following steps:

Preparation: The workpiece is cleaned and prepared for honing by removing any burrs, sharp edges, or other imperfections.
Lubrication: A honing fluid is applied to the workpiece and the honing stone to provide lubrication and cooling during the honing process.
Honing: The honing stone is rotated and reciprocated against the workpiece surface. The honing stone is typically made of abrasive materials, such as diamond or silicon carbide.
Finishing: The honing process is stopped when the desired surface finish and geometric accuracy are achieved.

Applications of Honing

Honing is used in a variety of industries, including:

Automotive: Honing is used to improve the surface finish and geometric accuracy of engine components, such as cylinder bores, crankpins, and bearings.
Aerospace: Honing is used to improve the surface finish and geometric accuracy of aircraft components, such as hydraulic cylinders, landing gear, and turbine blades.
Oil and gas: Honing is used to improve the surface finish and geometric accuracy of oil and gas components, such as valves, pumps, and pipes.
Medical devices: Honing is used to improve the surface finish and geometric accuracy of medical devices, such as implants, surgical instruments, and prosthetics.

Advantages of Honing

Honing offers several advantages over other machining processes, including:

High precision: Honing can produce surfaces with very high levels of precision, both in terms of surface finish and geometric accuracy.
Smooth surfaces: Honing can produce surfaces with very smooth finishes, which can reduce friction and wear.
Improved geometric form: Honing can improve the geometric form of surfaces, such as straightness, roundness, and cylindricity.
Versatility: Honing can be used on a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

Characteristics of Honing

Precision and Accuracy: Honing can achieve very high levels of precision and accuracy, producing surfaces with tolerances of a few tenths of a micrometer or less.
Geometric Correction: Honing can effectively correct surface imperfections, such as cylindricity, straightness, and roundness errors, resulting in a more accurate and consistent geometry.
Surface Finish Improvement: Honing can significantly improve the surface finish of a workpiece, reducing surface roughness and producing a smoother, more refined surface.
Material Compatibility: Honing can be used on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

Applications of Honing

Honing is widely used in various industries for a variety of applications, including:

Automotive Industry: Honing is used to finish engine cylinders, bearing surfaces, and other critical components in automotive engines, ensuring precise tolerances and smooth operation.
Hydraulics and Pneumatics: Honing is used to finish hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, and other fluid power components, ensuring leak-proof seals and precise movement.
Manufacturing and Tooling: Honing is used to finish cutting tools, dies, and other precision components, ensuring sharp edges, precise dimensions, and extended tool life.
Aerospace Industry: Honing is used to finish aerospace components, such as landing gear, turbine blades, and control surfaces, ensuring high precision and reliability in critical applications.
Medical Device Manufacturing: Honing is used to finish medical implants, surgical instruments, and other medical components, ensuring precise dimensions, smooth surfaces, and biocompatibility.

Honing Process

The honing process typically involves the following steps:

Preparation: The workpiece is cleaned and prepared to ensure a suitable surface for honing. This may involve removing burrs, sharp edges, and any surface contaminants.
Selection of Honing Stones: The appropriate honing stones are selected based on the material of the workpiece, the desired surface finish, and the specific application.
Honing Machine Setup: The honing machine is set up with the selected honing stones, the appropriate honing fluid, and the desired honing parameters, such as speed, pressure, and stroke length.
Honing Operation: The workpiece is secured in the honing machine, and the honing stones are brought into contact with the workpiece surface. The honing stones rotate and reciprocate along the surface, removing material and refining the geometry.
Monitoring and Adjustment: The honing process is monitored to ensure consistent results and proper surface finish. Adjustments may be made to the honing parameters as needed.
Surface Inspection: Once the honing process is complete, the workpiece is inspected to verify the desired surface finish and geometric accuracy.

Safety Precautions

When operating honing machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly clamped to the machine’s work surface to prevent it from slipping or moving during honing.
Use the Correct Honing Stones: Choose the appropriate honing stones for the specific application and material being honed. Using the wrong stones can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Speed: Maintain a moderate speed to prevent overheating the workpiece or damaging the honing stones.
Avoid Overheating the Workpiece: Avoid applying excessive pressure or honing for extended periods to prevent overheating the workpiece and potential damage.
Regularly Clean and Maintain the Machine: Keep the machine clean and inspect it regularly for worn or loose components.
Operate the Machine in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the machine in a well-ventilated area to minimize dust accumulation and protect yourself from harmful fumes.
Never Touch the Moving Honing Stones: Never touch the moving honing stones while the machine is in operation.
Turn Off the Machine Before Making Adjustments: Always turn off the machine before making any adjustments or changing the honing stones.
Store the Machine Properly: Store the machine in a safe, secure location when not in use, keeping it out of reach of children and unauthorized users.

By adhering to these safety guidelines and operating the machine responsibly, you can effectively utilize honing machines to achieve high-precision surfaces and critical components in various industries.

Honing Process

The honing process typically involves the following steps:

Preparation: The workpiece is cleaned and prepared for honing by removing any surface imperfections or debris.
Selection of Honing Stones or Wheels: The appropriate honing stones or wheels are selected based on the material of the workpiece, the desired surface finish, and the tolerance requirements.
Honing Machine Setup: The workpiece is securely mounted on the honing machine, and the honing stones or wheels are positioned correctly.
Honing Operation: The honing stones or wheels are rotated and reciprocated along the surface of the workpiece, removing material and refining the surface geometry.
Monitoring and Control: The honing process is monitored and controlled to maintain the desired surface finish and tolerance requirements.
Cleaning and Inspection: Once the honing process is complete, the workpiece is cleaned to remove any honing fluid or residue, and the surface is inspected to ensure it meets the desired specifications.

Applications of Honing

Honing is a versatile machining process used in various industries for a wide range of applications, including:

Automotive Industry: Honing is extensively used in the automotive industry to finish engine cylinders, brake rotors, and other precision components.
Hydraulic Components: Honing is used to finish hydraulic cylinders, sleeves, and other components to ensure smooth operation and prevent leakage.
Cutting Tools: Honing is used to finish cutting tool edges to achieve sharpness, accuracy, and extended tool life.
Bearing Races: Honing is used to finish bearing races to ensure smooth rotation and prevent premature wear.
Precision Tools: Honing is used to finish various precision tools, such as measuring instruments, gauges, and dies, to achieve high accuracy and tolerance requirements.

Benefits of Honing

Honing offers several advantages over other machining processes, including:

High Precision: Honing can produce surfaces with very high precision and tight tolerances.
Improved Surface Finish: Honing can achieve smooth surface finishes, reducing friction and wear.
Stock Removal Control: Honing allows for precise control of material removal, ensuring consistent surface geometry.
Versatility: Honing can be used on a wide range of materials and component shapes.

Safety Precautions

When operating honing machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly clamped to the machine’s work surface to prevent it from slipping or moving during honing.
Use the Correct Honing Stones or Wheels: Choose the appropriate honing stones or wheels for the specific application and material being honed. Using the wrong stones or wheels can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Speed: Maintain a moderate speed to prevent overheating the workpiece or damaging the honing stones or wheels.
Avoid Overheating the Workpiece: Avoid applying excessive pressure or honing for extended periods to prevent overheating the workpiece and potential damage.
Regularly Clean and Maintain the Machine: Keep the machine clean and inspect it regularly for worn or loose components.
Operate the Machine in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the machine in a well-ventilated area to minimize dust accumulation and protect yourself from harmful fumes.
Never Touch the Moving Honing Stones or Wheels: Never touch the moving honing stones or wheels while the machine is in operation.
Turn Off the Machine Before Making Adjustments: Always turn off the machine before making any adjustments or changing the honing stones or wheels.
Store the Machine Properly: Store the machine in a safe, secure location when not in use, keeping it out of reach of children and unauthorized users.

By adhering to these safety guidelines and operating the machine responsibly, you can effectively utilize honing machines to achieve precise, high-quality surfaces on various metal components.

Lapping

Lapping is also one of the abrasive processes used to produce finished (smoothly accurate) surfaces. It gives a very high degree of accuracy and smoothness so it is used in production of optical lenses, metallic bearing surfaces, measuring gauges, surface plates and other measuring instruments.

All the metal parts that are subjected to fatigue loading or those surfaces that must be used to establish a seal with a mating part are often lapped. The process of lapping uses a bonded abrasive tool and a fluid suspension having very small-sized abrasive particles vibrating between the workpiece and the lapping tool. The process of lapping is shown in Figure 3.3. The fluid with abrasive particles is referred as lapping compound. It appears as a chalky paste.

Normally the fluid used in lapping compound is oil or kerosene. The fluid should have slightly lubricating properties to make the action of abrasive mild in nature. Abrasives used in lapping compounds are aluminium oxide and silicon carbide. Their girt size is kept 300 to 600 µm. It is hypothesized that two alternative cutting mechanisms are working in the process of lapping.

In the first mechanism, the abrasive particles roll and slide between the lapping tool and workpiece. These particles produce small cuts on both surfaces. Another mechanism suppose to work in lapping is that the abrasives become embedded in the lap surface to give cutting action like in case of grinding. It is assumed that lapping is due to the combination of this two above mentioned mechanism. Lapping can be done manually but the use of a lapping machine makes the process accurate, consistent and efficient.

Machine Lapping is recognized as a fast lapping process. Gudgeon pins with 25 mm diameter and 75 mm long can be lapped at the rate of 500 units per hour. Mechanical lapping machines have vertical construction with the work holder mounted on the lower table which is given oscillatory motion. The upper lap is stationary and floating while the lower one revolves at 60 rpm. Some special-purpose lapping machines are available for the lapping of small parts such as piston pins ball bearing races, etc. in machine lapping a pressure upto 0.02 N/mm2, for soft material and 0.5 N/mm2 for hard material is applied.

Materials processed by lapping range from steel, and cast iron to non-ferrous metal like copper, brass, and lead. Wooden parts, made of hardwood, can also be finished using wood laps. Lapping removes material at a very slow rate. So lapping is generally followed by accurate machining of workpieces.

Polishing and Buffing are similar surface finishing operations. Polishing is used to remove scratches and burrs from a machined surface. It develops a very smooth surface by means of abrasive grains embedded to a polishing wheel rotating at high rpm. The rotating speed is equivalent to 2300 meters per minute. The rotating wheels are made of softer materials like canvas, leather or paper. Thus, the wheels are enough flexible to finish the cavities and internal of intricate shapes.

Polishing is carried out with the help of above-mentioned polishing wheels. Abrasive grains are bonded by gluing to the outside periphery of the wheel. After the abrasives have been worn down and used up, the wheel is replenished with new girts. Depending on the girt size polishing is divided into three categories.

Rough Polishing : Girt size is maintained 20 to 80.
Finish Polishing : Girt size is kept 80 to 120.
Fine Finish : For polishing to give very fine finishing abrasive girt size is maintained to above 120. In case of fine finishing process oil, tallow or beeswax is used as lubricating agent.
There is a limitation of polishing process that the parts with irregular shapes, sharp corners, deep recesses and sharp projections are difficult to polish.
Polishing can be done by hand, but for mass production work, specially designed semi-automatic and automatic polishing machines are available. Abrasive particles are Al2O3 or diamond. Carrier of abrasive particles has already been discussed. Polished surfaces may be buffed to obtain an even finer surface. Polishing does not improve dimensionless accuracy as done by lapping.
Lapping and polishing differ in the following manner, polishing produce a shiny surface but lapping does not produce bright shiny surface. Lapping removes metal from the surface to be finished, however, polishing removes negligible amount of metal. Lapping involves cutting action but polishing consists of producing a kind of plastic flow of the surface crystals so that the high spots are made to fill the low spots.
Buffing is similar to polishing in appearance, but its function is different.
Buffing is used to provide attractive surfaces with high luster. Buffing is like a polishing operation in which the workpiece is brought in contact with a revolving cloth buffing wheel that usually has been charged with a very find abrasive as shown in Figure 3.4. Buffing status is some where in between polishing and lapping. A minor cutting action with microchip is done in case of buffing.
Buffing wheels are made of discs of liners, cotton, broad cloth and canvas.
These are made more or less firm by the amount of stitching used to fasten
the layers of the cloth together. Buffing tools are enough flexible to polish upto interior of intricate cavities. The buffing tools are named as

Lapping is an abrasive machining process that uses a fine abrasive slurry to remove minute amounts of material from a workpiece, resulting in a very smooth and flat surface with high precision and accuracy. Lapping is typically used to finish precision components that require extremely close tolerances, such as optical components, machine tools, and medical devices.

Lapping Process

The lapping process typically involves the following steps:

Preparation: The workpiece is thoroughly cleaned and polished to remove any surface imperfections or debris.
Lapping Fluid Preparation: A slurry of fine abrasive particles is mixed with a lubricant to form a lapping fluid. The abrasive particles work to remove material from the workpiece, while the lubricant helps to distribute the load and cool the workpiece.
Lapping Machine Setup: The workpiece is securely mounted on the lapping machine, and the lapping plate is positioned correctly.
Lapping Operation: The workpiece is rubbed against the lapping plate using a controlled force. The abrasive particles in the lapping fluid remove minute amounts of material from the workpiece, creating a very smooth and flat surface.
Lapping Fluid Replenishment: The lapping fluid is continuously replenished to maintain a fresh supply of abrasive particles and lubricate the rubbing action.
Workpiece Inspection: The workpiece is periodically inspected to monitor the progress of the lapping process and ensure it meets the desired specifications.
Surface Finish Evaluation: Once the lapping process is complete, the surface finish of the workpiece is evaluated using specialized measuring instruments.

Applications of Lapping

Lapping is used in various industries for a wide range of applications, including:

Optical Components: Lapping is essential for manufacturing precision optical components, such as lenses, prisms, and mirrors, to achieve high optical quality and surface flatness.
Machine Tools: Lapping is used to finish the surfaces of machine tool components, such as spindles, ways, and guide rails, to ensure accurate and smooth movement of the machine tool.
Medical Devices: Lapping is used to finish medical devices, such as surgical implants, prosthetics, and instruments, to achieve high cleanliness and precision.
Precision Tools and Gauges: Lapping is used to finish precision tools and gauges, such as measuring instruments, calipers, and micrometers, to ensure high accuracy and repeatability.

Benefits of Lapping

Lapping offers several advantages over other finishing processes, including:

Extreme Surface Flatness: Lapping can achieve surface flatness tolerances as low as 0.00001 inches, making it suitable for the most demanding applications.
Ultra-Smooth Surface Finish: Lapping can produce ultra-smooth surface finishes with Ra values as low as 0.001 microns.
High Precision and Accuracy: Lapping ensures high precision and accuracy of the workpiece’s dimensions and surface finish.
Excellent Wear Resistance: The smooth, polished surface produced by lapping has excellent wear resistance, extending the life of the workpiece.
Suitable for Diverse Materials: Lapping can be used on a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites.

Safety Precautions

When operating lapping machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly clamped to the machine’s work surface to prevent it from slipping or moving during lapping.
Use the Correct Lapping Plate and Fluid: Choose the appropriate lapping plate and fluid for the specific application and material being lapped. Using the wrong plate or fluid can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Settings: Ensure the lapping machine is set up correctly with the appropriate speed, pressure, and lubricant flow rate.
Monitor the Lapping Process: Regularly monitor the lapping process to ensure it is proceeding as intended and that the workpiece is not overheating.
Clean Up and Dispose of Waste Properly: Clean up any lapping fluid and debris after the lapping process. Dispose of waste materials according to local regulations.
Never Touch the Moving Lapping Plate or Workpiece: Never touch the moving lapping plate or workpiece while the machine is in operation.

Buffing

Buffing is a finishing process that utilizes rotating abrasive wheels or pads to impart a high-gloss shine to a surface. It is a versatile process that can be used on a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and wood.

Buffing Process

The buffing process typically involves the following steps:

Surface Preparation: The workpiece is thoroughly cleaned and prepared for buffing by removing any dirt, grease, or surface imperfections.
Buffing Compound Selection: The appropriate buffing compound is selected based on the material of the workpiece and the desired finish. Buffing compounds come in a variety of grits, from coarse to fine, to achieve different levels of polish.
Buffing Wheel or Pad Selection: The appropriate buffing wheel or pad is selected based on the material of the workpiece and the desired finish. Buffing wheels and pads are made from various materials, such as felt, cotton, or rubber, and can be coated with a variety of abrasive compounds.
Buffing Machine Setup: The workpiece is securely mounted on the buffing machine, and the buffing wheel or pad is positioned correctly.
Buffing Operation: The workpiece is passed through the rotating buffing wheel or pad, applying pressure as needed to achieve the desired finish.
Buffing Fluid Application: A buffing fluid or lubricant is often applied to the workpiece to enhance the polishing action and prevent overheating.
Polishing Progression: Coarser grit buffing compounds are used initially to remove major imperfections, followed by finer grit compounds to achieve a smoother, more polished finish.
Refinement and Final Polish: The polishing process is refined based on the desired level of shine, and the workpiece is inspected for any remaining imperfections.
Cleaning and Finishing Touches: Once the buffing process is complete, the workpiece is thoroughly cleaned to remove any buffing compound or residue.

Applications of Buffing

Buffing is widely used in various industries for a variety of applications, including:

Metalworking: Buffing is used to polish metals, such as stainless steel, aluminum, and brass, to create a high-gloss finish.
Automotive Industry: Buffing is used to restore the shine to car bodies and chrome trim.
Woodworking: Buffing is used to polish wood surfaces, such as furniture, cabinets, and musical instruments.
Jewelry Making: Buffing is used to polish and enhance the shine of precious metals and gemstones.
Plastics and Composites: Buffing can be used to polish plastic and composite materials, such as dashboards, motorcycle fairings, and boat hulls.

Benefits of Buffing

Buffing offers several advantages over other polishing methods, including:

High-Gloss Finish: Buffing can produce a mirror-like shine on a wide range of materials.
Durability: Buffed finishes are generally more durable than other polishing methods.
Versatility: Buffing can be used on a variety of materials and shapes.
Affordability: Buffing machines are relatively inexpensive and easy to operate.

Safety Precautions

When using buffing machines, it is crucial to follow safety precautions to prevent injuries and ensure proper operation:

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protection device to protect yourself from flying debris, sparks, and noise.
Securely Clamp the Workpiece: Ensure the workpiece is firmly mounted on the buffing machine to prevent it from slipping or moving during buffing.
Use the Correct Buffing Wheel or Pad: Choose the appropriate buffing wheel or pad for the specific application and material being buffed. Using the wrong wheels or pads can damage the workpiece or cause injury.
Maintain Proper Machine Speed: Maintain a moderate speed to prevent overheating the workpiece or damaging the buffing wheel or pad.
Avoid Overheating the Workpiece: Avoid applying excessive pressure or buffing for extended periods to prevent overheating the workpiece and potential damage.
Regularly Clean and Maintain the Machine: Keep the machine clean and inspect it regularly for worn or loose components.
Operate the Machine in a Well-ventilated Area: Use the machine in a well-ventilated area to minimize dust accumulation and protect yourself from harmful fumes.
Never Touch the Moving Buffing Wheel or Pad: Never touch the moving buffing wheel or pad while the machine is in operation.
Turn Off the Machine Before Making Adjustments: Always turn off the machine before making any adjustments or changing the buffing wheel

Metal Finishing Processes :There are semi-automatic buffing machines available consisting of a series of individually drivers buffing wheel which can be adjusted to the desired position so as to buff different positions of the workpiece. The workpieces are held in fixtures on a suitable rotating worktable so as to
move the buffing wheels.

Application of buffing produces mirror like finish. It is used for finishing of automobile parts, boats, bicycles, sport items, tools, furniture, fixtures,
commercial and residential hardware, house hold utensils and home
appliances, etc.

Super Finishing is an alternative process similar to honing. This also uses bonded abrasive stick moved with a reciprocating motion and pressed against the surface to be finished. The relative motion between the abrasive stick and the workpiece is varied so that individual grains do not retrace the same path. Cutting fluid is used in the process for cooling of tool workpiece interface. Coolant also washes away the tiny chips produced in the process.

The time needed for super finishing is very small. Workpiece may be super finished to a roughness of the order of 0.075 µm
within 50 seconds. Sometimes the process of super finishing can be continued upto 3 minutes for very fine quality of finish. Super finishing can be differentiated from honing in the following ways :

Super finishing stroke length is comparatively shorter but frequency is larger. It is upto 1500 stokes/minute.
It requires low pressure application as compared to honing process.
During the process fed is given to workpiece, the fed rate in case of super finishing operation is smaller than honing.
Grit size of abrasive used in case of super finishing is smaller than that is used with hones.

Major applications of super finishing are finishing of computer memory drums, sewing machine parts, automotive cylinders, brake drums, bearing components, pistons piston rods, pins, axles, shafts, clutch plates, guide pins, etc.

Super finishing can also be carried out lathe machine. Some attachments of centre lathe along with their capabilities and uses are listed below.

Automatic Plunge Centreless Micro-finishing Machine is used for finishing of piston pins, cam followers, rollers, piston rods, etc. The surface finish can be obtained upto 0.2 µ (Ra) value.

Centreless Micro-finishing Machine with Roller Support and Auxiliary Drivers. The dimensions of the job that can be processed by this attachment is diameter 25 to 150 mm and job length upto 2000 mm. It is capable to finish the surface of roughness of 0.3 µ (Ra) to 0.025 µ (Ra). It is used for surface finish of hydraulic cylinder piston rods; shock absorber front fork tubes, IC engine parts, etc.

Attachment for Finishing of Engines and Gearbox Parts can be used for surface finishing of IC engine parts and gears, shafts, etc. Most of the attachments designed and developed for lathe machine meant for some
specific purpose. With all the attachment lathe provides the following facilities :

Base to work with the workpiece.
Check to hold the workpiece/tool.
Tool post to hold any processing tool.
It provides motive power or a controlled relative motion between the workpiece and tool. However, there is no end of lathe attachments used for super finishing operation. Any attachment utilizing the above mentioned lathe facilities can be designed and developed.

EMS Metalworking Machinery

We design, manufacture and assembly metalworking machinery such as:

Hydraulic transfer press
Glass mosaic press
Hydraulic deep drawing press
Casting press
Hydraulic cold forming press
Hydroforming press
Composite press
Silicone rubber moulding press
Brake pad press
Melamine press
SMC & BMC Press
Labrotaroy press
Edge cutting trimming machine
Edge curling machine
Trimming beading machine
Trimming joggling machine
Cookware production line
Pipe bending machine
Profile bending machine
Bandsaw for metal
Cylindrical welding machine
Horizontal pres and cookware
Kitchenware, hotelware
Bakeware and cuttlery production machinery

as a complete line as well as an individual machine such as:

Edge cutting trimming beading machines
Polishing and grinding machines for pot and pans
Hydraulic drawing presses
Circle blanking machines
Riveting machine
Hole punching machines
Press feeding machine

You can check our machinery at work at: EMS Metalworking Machinery – YouTube

Applications:

Beading and ribbing
Flanging
Trimming
Curling
Lock-seaming
Ribbing
Flange-punching